Chronic hepatitis B is a cause of which of the following long-term liver conditions?

Chronic hepatitis B is a cause of which of the following long-term liver conditions?

• A. Chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
• B. Acute gastritis
• C. Pulmonary fibrosis
• D. Acute kidney injury

Answer: (A)

Chronic hepatitis B can drive ongoing liver injury that lasts for years. When HBV infection becomes chronic, the liver remains inflamed, and over time scar tissue forms (fibrosis), leading to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis, in turn, greatly increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary liver cancer. These are the long-term liver conditions associated with chronic hepatitis B. The other options involve different organs or acute conditions (stomach, lungs, kidneys) and are not typical long-term liver sequelae of hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B can drive ongoing liver injury that lasts for years. When HBV infection becomes chronic, the liver remains inflamed, and over time scar tissue forms (fibrosis), leading to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis, in turn, greatly increases the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary liver cancer. These are the long-term liver conditions associated with chronic hepatitis B. The other options involve different organs or acute conditions (stomach, lungs, kidneys) and are not typical long-term liver sequelae of hepatitis B.